passive form of modal verbs

Modal Verb-Tense Formation in Passive Voice

Present Formula

Modal + be + past participle

Example:

Revision for spelling can easily be done on a computer.

Problems with reservations should be reported to the restaurant manager.

Past Formula

Modal + have been + past participle

Example:

It is possible that the train could have been delayed.

I think she should have been elected chair of the committee.

Passive Voice of Conditional Verb Phrases

Conditional Verb-Phrase Formation in the Passive Voice

*Note: Use the passive of the appropriate verb tense or modal verb phrase.

Factual conditional:

If Ben makes a mistake, he is corrected by his friend.

Hypothetical conditional (present or future)

If the computer software were shipped tonight, it would arrive tomorrow. (was becomes were in the if clause)

Hypothetical conditional (past)

If the dam had not been constructed, we would have had a flood last spring.

Passive of Infinitives and Gerunds

INFINITIVES in the Passive Voice

Present Infinitive Formula:

To + be + past participle

Example:

She arranged for the make-up test to be given Monday.

Perfect Infinitive Formula:

To + have been + past participle

Example:

The results were supposed to have been sent yesterday.

GERUNDS in the Passive Voice

Formula:

Being + past participle

Examples:

He did not like being called Jim instead of James.

Being awakened in the middle of the night by a telephone call upset George.

After being told to go from one office to another, Phil finally found where to turn in his application.

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE TENSES CHART

http://english-zone.com/verbs/pssvchrt.html

Modals for Giving Advice

Modals can be used for giving advice.

Should, ought to, and had better are used for giving advice.

Should and ought to are basically the same in meaning however useage varies. Ought to is typically used to describe moral obligations and duty whereas should is typically used for general advice.

    You ought to go to church every week.

    We should study grammar more frequently.

    He should take a shower or bath after coming home from the factory.

    She ought to take better care of her children.

Shouldn't, or should not, is negative for either ought to or should.

    You shouldn't eat a lot of junk food.

    She shouldn't ignore her children.

Had better is similiar to should and ought to. It is different because typically it implies some sort of action or negative consequence if it is not followed.

    He had better pay the rent.

    You had better get your car fixed before the problem gets worse.

    They had better go to the doctor since they were hurt by the explosion.

Had better is contracted in spoken english with subject personal pronouns. 'pronoun'd better'

    He'd better pay the rent.

    You'd better get your car fixed before the problem gets worse.

    They'd better go to the doctor since they were hurt by the explosion.

The negative form of had better is had better not.

    He'd better not forget to pay the rent.

Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs!

Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs.
I cdnuolt blveiee taht I cluod aulaclty  uesdnatnrd waht I was rdanieg. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig  to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm.   Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteter by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe. Amzanig huh? yaeh and I awlyas tghuhot slpeling was ipmorantt! if you can raed tihs psas it on  !!  

I wish and if only Exercise

http://www.autoenglish.org/gr.wish.pdf

I WISH / IF ONLY Explanation

I WISH / IF ONLY
There are four types of I wish / If only sentences.
1. A regret that a present, future or general situation is not what you would like it to be:
I wish / If only + S + Past
•I wish I were rich. (I am not)
•I wish it didn’t rain tomorrow.
2. A regret that sthg happened or didn’t happen in the past.
I wish / If only + S + Past Perfect
•I wish I had already started studying for the exam. (I have not)
•I wish I had been able to go to the concert.
3. A desire for someone orsomething to change or to do or stop doing something.
This type of I wish sentence expresses some kind of ANNOYANCE.
I wish + S + WOULD + V
•I wish you wouldn’t smoke so much.
•I wish the children would be quiet.
NOTE: You CANNOT use WOULD when subject of the subordinate clause is the same as the subject of the main clause.
4. A wish that sby was able to do sthg which they can’t do.
I wish + S + COULD + V
•I wish I could give up smoking.
•I wish I could play the piano.

wish / if only

There are three distinct types of  I wish / if only  sentences:-

1 - REGRETS with the PAST PERFECT (the third conditional) e.g. I wish I hadn't got so angry.

2 - WANTING CHANGE FOR THE PRESENT OR FUTURE with the PAST SIMPLE e.g. I wish I had enough money to go to Mozambique this summer.

3 - COMPLAINTS with WOULD + INFINITIVE e.g. I wish you wouldn't arrive so late all the time.

Regrets

1 I wish I ___________________ drunk and kissed Samantha. (get NEGATIVE)
2 I wish it ___________________  so much. The garden's turned to mud. (rain NEGATIVE)
3 If only I ___________________  there, I wouldn't have got a fine. (park NEGATIVE)
Wanting change

4 If only I ___________________ more time for my hobbies. (have)
5 I wish it ___________________ more often in Valencia. (rain)
6 I wish I ___________________  to go to your nephew's wedding. (have NEGATIVE)
Complaints

7 I wish you ___________________ so much. You're a complete idiot when you're drunk. (drink NEGATIVE)
8 If only it ___________________ . The garden's as dry as a bone. (rain)
9 I wish Samantha ___________________ her hair more often. It looks so greasy all the time. (wash)
Mixed

10 I wish you ___________________ so horrible to your brother. He's a really nice bloke. (be NEGATIVE)
11 I wish the council ___________________  that beautiful old house. It was part of the town's heritage. (demolish NEGATIVE)
12 If only I ___________________ the money to go to Jon's wedding in The States. (have)
13 I wish I ___________________  her she'd put on weight. She hates me now. (tell NEGATIVE)
14 I wish you ___________________  to your mother like that. (speak NEGATIVE)
15 If only we ___________________  a Hewlett Packard printer. The cartridges are so expensive. (buy NEGATIVE)
16 I wish Jorge ___________________  so fast. It's only a matter of time before he kills someone. (drive NEGATIVE)
 

Wish If only

Wishes about the present

We use wish with past Tense forms (simple and continuous) to express regret about present situations:

- I wish I was taller = (I’m not very tall)

- I wish I was going with you = (but I'm not)

I wish you were more help. = (you are not) I wish I were can replace I wish I was.

To many people, I wish I were sounds more correct:

I wish I were taller.

We use wish with could to express a wish for a present situation to be different:

 I wish I could use a computer well.

X I wish I would tell her about it.

I wish I could tell her about it.

Past Simple present I wish I knew the answer. (= I don’t know)

Past Simple present  I wish I was /were better at sports. (= I'm not)

Past Continuous present I wish I was /were going with you. (= I'm not)     

Could  present I wish I could give you an answer. (= I can't)

Would  future  I wish you would be quiet. (= Your talking irritates me.)

Past Perfect  past  I wish I had known you then. (= but I didn't)

Could have  past I wish I could have explained. (= I wasn't able to)

Wishes about the future

We use wish with would to say how we would like somebody to behave in the future:

X I wish you to stop talking.

/I wish you would stop talking.

X I wish that they will stop arguing.

/I wish they would stop arguing.

• We can also use this pattern in situations that do not involve people:

I wish this car would go faster.

Wishes about the past

We use wish with the Past Perfect when we have

Regrets about the past:

I wish I hadn't taken your advice. (= but I did)

I wish she could have come. (= but she didn't)

If only

If only can be more emphatic than I wish. The verb forms after if only are the same as the patterns with wish:

If only I had more money! (= but I haven't)

If only I was going on holiday with you!

If only you were here. (= but you re not)

If only the sun would come out!

If only you could be here! (= but you're not)

If only I'd listened to you! (=but I didn't )

If only he could have explained! (=but he wasn't able to)